Living as "Alien Residents"

By the Rev. Dr. K. Detlev Schulz

In 1989 two well-known theologians in the United States, Stanley Hauerwas and William H. Willimon, published a book entitled Resident Aliens: Life in the Christian Colony (Nashville: Abington Press, 1989). In the foreword, the authors explain their choice for this title and the implications of being a Christian church in the United States today:

“We believe that the designations of the church as a colony and Christians as resident aliens are not too strong for the modern American church–indeed, we believe it is the nature of the church, at any time and in any situation, to be a colony. Perhaps it sounds a bit overly dramatic to describe the actual churches you know as colonies in the middle of an alien culture. But we believe that things have changed for the church residing in America and that faithfulness to Christ demands that we either change or else go the way of all compromised forms of the Christian faith” (p. 12).

This quote reflects the theological and ethical dilemmas Christian communities face today. Instead of being openly persecuted and rebuked as Christians are in many countries, Christians in America are exposed to an encroaching and subtle anti-Christian undertone that may “soften” them up and lead to compromise. Thus, it serves Christians well that these authors summon us to sharpen our wits about what it means to be committed to Christ. The designations “colony” and “alien resident” hit a home run here.

It seems, however, that the authors present us with only two options. Either we go along all the way with the world, which means the loss of our Christian identity, or we withdraw ourselves to avoid the dangers of compromise. The latter seems to be their point. But, should a Christian community be committed solely to preserving its own survival? Should we not be willing to fight it out in this world?

I feel that the authors have missed an important aspect of ecclesiology, that is, the ethical aspect of “loving your neighbor” and bringing that love into practice in the broader community. Christians are sent into the world to fulfill their vocation, and in that context they must expect test and trial, yes, even compromise. Martin Luther well knew this dilemma having made the famous “sin boldly” statement; meaning that as lawyers, teachers, farmers, students, nurses, and doctors we are often trapped in situations where the only way out is the choice between two evils. Often there is no escape except to approach the Lord humbly and ask Him for forgiveness. Lutherans value the civil responsibility far too much to give it up. As Christians we should value our vocation and civil responsibilities and see them as a way to contribute towards a better society.

Should we then agree with the authors that the church is a “colony” and its members “alien residents” in this world? I would say both “yes” and “no.” Yes, insofar as Christian are “hated by the world” (John 15:18) and are focused on leading a holy life in distinction to the world outside (Col. 3). No, insofar as Christians practice love for their neighbor in this world through their vocation and witness (Matt. 22:37-40).