No one is startled to discover that the world of one’s youth differs markedly from the present. Yet the velocity and character of change in the past few years—driven by the sudden integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into nearly every domain of human activity—feels historically unprecedented, and compels us to re-examine foundational questions of human identity, agency, creativity, and vocation.
Into this age of disorientation comes AI Shepherds and Electric Sheep by Sean O’Callaghan and Paul A. Hoffman, a timely guide that seeks to reorient Christians toward a conscientious use of AI in light of our identity as humans bearing the imago Dei. Here the authors give an accessible overview of a complex and controversial topic, clearly defining types of AI, assessing its societal impacts, calling for virtuous habits, and leading readers into Scripture—all with impressive clarity.
However, this clarity makes the vagueness at the book’s heart all the more surprising. When exploring human identity through the biblical narrative, sin is illustrated by racism, classism, sexism, and similar “-isms,” while the Christian telos is framed as pursuing “human flourishing” and bringing shalom—peace, perfection, harmonization—to social structures. These are broad, elastic terms that can too easily be stretched to fit almost any narrative. Nonetheless, thoughtful reflection questions close every chapter which openly invite critique of the authors’ positions. This in and of itself demonstrates that the purpose of this book is not to answer every question in the discussion, but to bring awareness that there is a discussion, and to provoke thoughtfulness concerning it. For pastors, educators, or any Christian wrestling with AI’s place in ministry and life, this book is a helpful entry point into the conversation. Readers may not agree with every opinion stated, but they will be stirred to think—and that is the point.
Adam Hiles
Pastor, Christ Our Savior Lutheran Church
Freeburg, Illinois